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The core differences between natural and synthetic beta carotene lie in molecular structure, bioavailability, safety, production and cost, and application adaptability. Natural beta carotene, which contains cis-isomers and co-nutrients, is more in line with the "clean label" trend, while synthetic beta carotene excels in purity and cost.

Structure and Source

Natural: All-trans + 9-cis isomers, including synergistic components such as α-carotene; sourced from Dunaliella salina, palm oil, and microbial fermentation.

Synthetic: Single all-trans structure; chemically synthesized, with raw materials mostly derived from petrochemical derivatives.

Bioavailability and Safety

Natural: Superior tissue retention and antioxidant efficiency; no clear risks, safe for smokers to supplement.

Synthetic: High all-trans concentration in plasma, but conversion efficiency decreases at high doses; high-dose supplementation by smokers may increase lung cancer risk.

Cost and Supply

Natural: Higher price (about twice that of synthetic), limited production capacity.

Synthetic: Lower cost, stable supply, and significant advantages in large-scale production.

Application and Compliance

Natural: Suitable for natural colorants, high-end supplements, and cosmetics; easily obtain organic certification and can be labeled "natural".

Synthetic: Used for food and feed coloring, basic nutritional fortification; cannot be labeled "natural", suitable for cost-sensitive scenarios.

Selection Recommendations

Natural: Preferred for high-end/clean-label products and special populations (pregnant women/children/smokers).

Synthetic: Preferred for large-scale basic applications and cost-sensitive scenarios.